Western Australia's Population Boom: The Surprising Role of Immigration

Western Australia's population has surged by 89,000 in the past year, but this growth is largely driven by immigration, not by natural birth rates. Without the influx of migrants, the state’s population growth would be minimal. The increase in overseas workers, particularly in traditionally male-dominated sectors like construction and mining, has also contributed to a widening gender gap in the state, with approximately 12,434 more men than women currently residing in WA.

Australia’s Overall Growth Trends

Australia’s overall population reached over 27 million by March 2024, growing by 2.3 percent. Western Australia led the population growth among states, with a 3.1 percent increase to 2.95 million residents, followed by Victoria and Queensland. However, WA's population growth is primarily due to immigration, with natural growth contributing far less. In 2023-24, natural growth added only 14,084 people, while interstate migration accounted for 10,039, and overseas immigration a significant 64,902 people.

Declining Natural Growth Rates

The state’s natural growth has steadily declined over the years. A decade ago, natural growth contributed over 21,000 people to the population, but by 2023-24, that number dropped to just over 14,000. The sharpest decline occurred between 2021 and 2023, following the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While a decrease during the pandemic was expected, the continued downward trend has raised concerns.

Many attribute this ongoing decline to cost-of-living pressures, with families delaying having children or opting for smaller families. This trend has been consistent, with eight consecutive quarters of lower-than-expected birth rates.

The Widening Gender Gap

In addition to immigration driving population growth, it is also impacting the gender balance in WA. The state’s gender gap is widening, with men increasingly outnumbering women. In 2020, the difference was only 1,801, but by March 2024, the gap had grown to over 12,000. The influx of workers in sectors like mining and construction, which tend to employ more men, is contributing to this disparity.

Despite the current gender imbalance, experts predict that this gap may eventually balance out, as it has in previous years. Nationwide, net overseas migration remains a significant factor in population growth, accounting for 83 percent of Australia’s total increase, while natural growth contributes just 17 percent.

Impact of Natural Growth on Population

Although natural growth remains at a near-record high, with 105,500 new residents added through births, the number of births across Australia remains relatively low, while deaths continue to rise due to the aging population and ongoing effects of COVID-19. The increase in deaths, particularly in vulnerable older demographics, underscores the ongoing impact of the pandemic, even as public attention on COVID-19 wanes.

Pressures on Housing and Infrastructure

The current migration levels have sparked discussions about the pressures on housing and infrastructure. With record migration and a lower number of new dwelling approvals, concerns about housing availability and affordability are growing, as both Australians and new arrivals face increasing challenges in achieving homeownership.

Benefits for Migrants in WA

For migrants, moving to Western Australia offers numerous benefits. The state provides access to a robust job market, particularly in high-demand sectors like construction, mining, and healthcare. Migrants can also take advantage of the diverse cultural environment, which fosters community connections and support networks.

Additionally, WA's relatively high standard of living and stunning natural landscapes enhance the appeal for newcomers seeking a better quality of life. As the state continues to grow, migrants will play a crucial role in shaping its future, contributing to economic vitality and cultural diversity.